2010 eruption of Mt Merapi,
in late October 2010 the Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, Geological Agency (CVGHM), (Indonesian language—Pusat Vulkanologi & Mitigasi Bencana Geologi, Badan Geologi), reported that a pattern of increasing seismicity from Merapi had begun to emerge in early September. Observers at Babadan 7km west and Kaliurang 8km south of the mountain reported hearing an avalanche on 12 September 2010. On 13 September 2010 white plumes were observed rising 800m above the crater. Lava dome inflation, detected since March, increased from background levels of 0.1 to 0.3mm per day to a rate of 11mm per day on 16 September. On 19 September 2010 earthquakes continued to be numerous, and the next day CVGHM raised the Alert Level to 2 (on a scale of 1-4).On 25 October 2010 the Indonesian government raised the alert for Mount Merapi to its highest level (4) and warned villagers in threatened areas to move to safer ground. People living within a 10km (6 mile) zone were told to evacuate. Officials said about 500 volcanic earthquakes had been recorded on the mountain over the weekend of 23-24 October, and that the magma had risen to about a kilometre below the surface due to the seismic activity.
Merapi erupted three times on Monday afternoon 25 October 2010, spewing lava down its southern and southeastern slopes. Three major eruptions were recorded at 2:04PM, 2:24PM and 3:15PM. On 26 October 2010 an avalanche of rocks spilled down Merapi's slopes before dawn on Tuesday 26 October 2010. Gusts of hot ash shot 50m (150ft) into the air. The head of the Indonesian Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, Surono was reported as stating that the greatest concern was the pressure building behind a massive lava dome that has formed near the tip of the crater. "The energy is building up. ... We hope it will release slowly," he said. "Otherwise we're looking at a potentially huge eruption, bigger than anything we've seen in years".
On Tuesday 26th of October 2010 Merapi erupted three times emitting searing clouds and volcanic ash. A volcanologist Surono reported that, “We heard three explosions around 6:00PM spewing volcanic material as high as 1.5 kms and sending heat clouds down the slopes".
A three-month-old baby died on the way to hospital on 26 October after experiencing respiratory problems arising from the eruptions that day. Up to 20 people were reported to have been injured by hot ash spewed from Mount Merapi according to a media worker who witnessed them being taken away for treatment. Some had severe burns to their bodies and others were treated for inhalation injuries. Subandriyo, chief vulcanologist in the area, said the eruption started just before dusk Tuesday following several hours of rumbling and groanings. "There was a thunderous rumble that went on for ages, maybe 15 minutes," said Sukamto, a farmer who by nighfall had yet to abandon his home on the mountain's fertile slopes. "Then huge plumes of hot ash started shooting up into the air".
At least 18 people, including one 2-month old baby, were found dead on the first day, 26 October, from burns caused by hot ashes from the eruption, while thousands were evacuated within a radius of 6 miles (10km) around the slopes of the vulcano.
Merapi erupted three times on Monday afternoon 25 October 2010, spewing lava down its southern and southeastern slopes. Three major eruptions were recorded at 2:04PM, 2:24PM and 3:15PM. On 26 October 2010 an avalanche of rocks spilled down Merapi's slopes before dawn on Tuesday 26 October 2010. Gusts of hot ash shot 50m (150ft) into the air. The head of the Indonesian Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, Surono was reported as stating that the greatest concern was the pressure building behind a massive lava dome that has formed near the tip of the crater. "The energy is building up. ... We hope it will release slowly," he said. "Otherwise we're looking at a potentially huge eruption, bigger than anything we've seen in years".
On Tuesday 26th of October 2010 Merapi erupted three times emitting searing clouds and volcanic ash. A volcanologist Surono reported that, “We heard three explosions around 6:00PM spewing volcanic material as high as 1.5 kms and sending heat clouds down the slopes".
A three-month-old baby died on the way to hospital on 26 October after experiencing respiratory problems arising from the eruptions that day. Up to 20 people were reported to have been injured by hot ash spewed from Mount Merapi according to a media worker who witnessed them being taken away for treatment. Some had severe burns to their bodies and others were treated for inhalation injuries. Subandriyo, chief vulcanologist in the area, said the eruption started just before dusk Tuesday following several hours of rumbling and groanings. "There was a thunderous rumble that went on for ages, maybe 15 minutes," said Sukamto, a farmer who by nighfall had yet to abandon his home on the mountain's fertile slopes. "Then huge plumes of hot ash started shooting up into the air".At least 18 people, including one 2-month old baby, were found dead on the first day, 26 October, from burns caused by hot ashes from the eruption, while thousands were evacuated within a radius of 6 miles (10km) around the slopes of the vulcano.
Lava Dome deformation
During the 4th week of October 2010 continuing deformation measurements where performed by Electric Distance Measurement (EDM), utilising reflectors mounted around the summit of Mount Merapi. The measurement results showed as follows. At the end of September 2010, the peak inflation rate Mount Merapi average 6mm per day, after that, the rate of inflation until October 21, 2010 reached 105mm per day, then the inflation rate increased very sharply, reaching 420mm per day, based on the measurement of EDM to 24 October 2010. The lava dome at Merapi has been steadily increasing, prior to October 21, 2010, less than 100 lava dome growth events were recorded. On 23 and 24 October 2010 respectively 183 and 194 events of lava dome growth were recorded. [This article documents a current event. Information may change rapidly as the event progresses]
During the 4th week of October 2010 continuing deformation measurements where performed by Electric Distance Measurement (EDM), utilising reflectors mounted around the summit of Mount Merapi. The measurement results showed as follows. At the end of September 2010, the peak inflation rate Mount Merapi average 6mm per day, after that, the rate of inflation until October 21, 2010 reached 105mm per day, then the inflation rate increased very sharply, reaching 420mm per day, based on the measurement of EDM to 24 October 2010. The lava dome at Merapi has been steadily increasing, prior to October 21, 2010, less than 100 lava dome growth events were recorded. On 23 and 24 October 2010 respectively 183 and 194 events of lava dome growth were recorded. [This article documents a current event. Information may change rapidly as the event progresses]
2006 eruption of Mt Merapi,
In April 2006, increased seismicity at more regular intervals and a detected bulge in the volcano's cone indicated that fresh eruptions were imminent. Authorities put the volcano's neighboring villages on high alert and local residents prepared for a likely evacuation. On April 19 smoke from the crater reached a height of 400 meters, compared to 75 metres the previous day. On April 23, after nine surface tremors and some 156 multifaced quakes signalled movements of magma, some 600 elderly and infant residents of the slopes were evacuated.
By early May, active lava flows had begun. On May 11, with lava flow beginning to be constant, some 17,000 people were ordered to be evacuated from the area and on May 13, Indonesian authorities raised the alert status to the highest level, ordering the immediate evacuation of all residents on the mountain. Many villagers defied the dangers posed by the volcano and returned to their villages, fearing that their livestock and crops would be vulnerable to theft. Activity calmed by the middle of May.
In April 2006, increased seismicity at more regular intervals and a detected bulge in the volcano's cone indicated that fresh eruptions were imminent. Authorities put the volcano's neighboring villages on high alert and local residents prepared for a likely evacuation. On April 19 smoke from the crater reached a height of 400 meters, compared to 75 metres the previous day. On April 23, after nine surface tremors and some 156 multifaced quakes signalled movements of magma, some 600 elderly and infant residents of the slopes were evacuated.
By early May, active lava flows had begun. On May 11, with lava flow beginning to be constant, some 17,000 people were ordered to be evacuated from the area and on May 13, Indonesian authorities raised the alert status to the highest level, ordering the immediate evacuation of all residents on the mountain. Many villagers defied the dangers posed by the volcano and returned to their villages, fearing that their livestock and crops would be vulnerable to theft. Activity calmed by the middle of May.
On May 27, a 5.6 magnitude earthquake struck roughly 30 miles southwest of Merapi, killing at least 5,000 and leaving at least 200,000 people homeless in the Yogyakarta region, heightening fears that Merapi would "blow". The quake did not appear to be a long-period oscillation, a seismic disturbance class that is increasingly associated with major volcanic eruptions. A further 11,000 villagers were evacuated on June 6 as lava and superheated clouds of gas poured repeatedly down its upper slopes towards Kaliadem, a location that was located southeast of Mt. Merapi. The pyroclastic flows are known locally as "wedhus gembel" (Javanese for "shaggy goat"). There were two fatalities as the result of the eruption.
source: wikipedia
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